8. Ontology of Dialectical Dualism

8.1 What is philosophical ontology

Science is the theory or wisdom with many branches, including mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and many other subjects. And philosophical ontology is the theory without branches, with all subjects. Philosophical ontology is the most abstract theory, and the object of study is the commonality of all things and all aspects.

If we can find a reason to solve all problems, such a reason is called the arche. The arche is the most fundamental cause of all problems. Like geometry, philosophers hoped to first find the arche, and then start from the arche, establish a theorems system from top to bottom, and use this system to deduce all the necessary conclusions, establish the most complete world view, so as to solve all the problems of understanding the world and transforming the world.

Philosophers believed that the source from which all conclusions can be derived is a most abstract entity, and the theory of this entity is called ontology. However, philosophy has developed for two thousand years, and various theories have been arguing about the arche and the abstract entity, and philosophical theories have not solved any problems. Science, on the other hand, thrives on case-by-case analysis. Of course, philosophy is not completely useless, philosophy and other disciplines are equal. The main function of philosophy is to provide people with a whole world view, to give people rational belief, to provide people with the ultimate standard of value and the ultimate standard of truth.

Many people think that only the true, the kind and the beautiful things are good, in fact, many times fake, cruel and ugly things can better meet people's needs. Toy cars are fake, and for children, fake cars can meet their needs better than real cars. Fake flowers and rockeries are all good things, and artistic images and plots are almost all fake. The heliocentric theory is also false, but in Bruno's day, it played a role in advancing history. All drawings and models are fake, they are essential for all kinds of engineering projects. Kindness to the enemy is a crime against the people; the profession of a doctor is to save people; the profession of a soldier is to kill people; those who kill the most are called heroes and brave warriors. Clowns on the stage can bring us joy and artistic enjoyment, there are plenty of beautiful women and handsome men, but many people like Song Dandan and Wang Baoqiang who are not beautiful. The ultimate standard of value is the interests and needs of people, individualism, humanism and evolutionism, not necessarily the truth, the kind and the beautiful. The ultimate standard of truth is not truth and objectivity, but usefulness.