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The Essence of Knowledge is Simulation and Logical Construct
来源:Lecture Notes in Arts, Literature and Linguistics. Volume:18. February 21-23,2022, pp.169-178. | 作者:Yong Duan | 发布时间: 2021-12-29 | 14840 次浏览 | 分享到:
It is an important basis of ontology to explain clearly what the subjective world contains. Frege and other Western philosophers were seriously wrong about concepts and the foundations of mathematics. The simulation is to mimic something with a fake product. People's knowledge about the world is also a kind of simulation. The content of knowledge is fake product relative to the object. The difference between people's knowledge and the object that is simulated can be made on purpose. The altered knowledge doesn't necessarily have real object corresponding to it. These thought games can bring about more value of knowledge and benefit in practice. The civilization and culture of human being mainly come from the innovative thought games. The logical construct of sentences describing something is a simulation of the thing or thought game. A symbol is a substance used to create an association in mind. Logical constructs have three advantages compared with real things: simple, useful, and stable. The concept is the logical construct produced after abstraction of things. Different degrees of abstraction can produce different degrees of concept. Abstract concepts of most disciplines retain more attributes, so they are not easy to analyze and study. The concepts of numbers and points, lines, planes and bodies are the results that retain few attributes after abstraction, which are simpler than concepts of other disciplines and easier to analyze and study.
Key Words: Epistemology; Logical construct; Concept; Simulation; Maths; Geometry

 to trying to define 1[9], which he left unclear.

Frege said, "No, sensations are absolutely no concern of arithmetic. No more are mental pictures, formed from the amalgamated traces of earlier sense-impressions. All these phases of consciousness are characteristically fluctuating and indefinite, in strong contrast to the definiteness and fixity of the concepts and objects of mathematics."[10] Frege did not understand that the subjective products of abstraction can be certain and stable. Frege kept to fundamental principles: always to separate sharply the psychological from the logical, the subjective from the objective.[11] He regarded this as an important principle of logic. Later western language philosophers regarded Frege's principle as the standard.

Abstract processes can only be carried out in the subjective world. In the objective world, there is no abstract number 1, only a specific person, a book, a table, etc. No two leaves are the same in objective world, and one is never equal to one. In the abstract subjective world, 1 can be equal to 1. Because every time we talk about 1 in maths, we're talking about a logical construct that doesn't have specific properties.

The natural numbers studied in maths do not exist objectively, but are logical constructs of human imagination. Other numbers are also logical constructs, integers, fractions, decimals, real numbers and imaginary numbers are all logical constructs created by human being.

Chess is a game with a board and pieces. Among the pieces there are rook, horse, soldier, king and queen, etc. These pieces are fake. They are simulations of real things like chariots and horses. Numbers, points, lines, planes and bodies are highly abstract concepts, just like the chess pieces.

The rules of the game of chess are simulation of the objective rules, but these simulations is far from the real rules, can be said completely innovation. Under these innovative rules, a variety of games can be played. Maths and geometry are like chess, playing thought games using innovative rules rather than objective rules. Philosophy, like maths and geometry, is a game of thought.