Who undermines the second theorem of thermodynamics? It is chemical bond. The chemical bond is a Maxwell demon, which can distinguish different atoms, the chemical bonds of oxygen atoms can recognize other oxygen atoms, and also can recognize hydrogen atoms, iron atoms, and so on. The recognize means that it contains information and negative entropy, but it is not input from outside the system and there is no intelligence.

There is no electromagnetic force between the gas molecules, so they tend to balance the structure. However, liquids and solids are different. The water molecules is polar. Other liquids and solids also rely on electro- magnetic forces to bring molecules together. When the temperature is high enough, the molecules will break free and become gas. When you put a few molecules of liquid water in a box, they don't spread evenly up and down spontaneously. That is, the number of micro states in the equilibrium state is zero, and the system will always maintain the symmetry broken state.

A famous scholar believes that the small balls mentioned in Maxwell's thought experiment refer to gas molecules and cannot refer to other molecules, and there is no electromagnetic force between them. However, I think that if we only consider gas molecules, then Maxwell's ideological experiment is not universal, so its conclu- sions cannot be generalized to the entire universe, and it cannot be used as a basis for discussing the theory of heat death in the universe. If we are going to discuss the problems of the entire universe, then the objects we think of in the ideological experiments should be universal, capable of representing any substance, and possibly having various attributes of matter.

Chemical bonds are electromagnetic forces. In addition to it, gravitation, strong nuclear force, and weak nuclear force can also destroy the second theorem of thermodynamics. They are all Maxwell demon. We can divide the space around the Earth into grids, the earth occupies one of the grids. The Earth is made up of many substance. These substance are not evenly distributed in these grids, but concentrate together. From the view of entropy reduction, the existence probability of this state is almost zero. What is the power to increase its probability of existence from zero to 100%? It is gravitation.