vis-à-vis the environment which may be understood as a primitive form of consciousness corresponding to the level of existence of the system” (Jantsch, 1980, p.15-16). Nor did Jantsch provide a precise definition of life. So the book became less influential than it ought to be.

Ⅳ. Probability of Super Orderly Structure

of Living System

In 2010, an article on Science noted that a kind of bacterium called “GFAJ-1” in mono lake seems to be able to synthesize DNA and other molecules using arsenic instead of phosphorus, which has not been heard in other creatures (Simon, 2011).

This, however, is not strange, because the essence of life is structure instead of element. Life can not only be created on the basis of Carbon, Phosphorus and Arsenic, but also on the basis of Silicon. Artificial intelligence will become life if it is capable of self-reproduction.

The structure of life is the same as or more important than properties, for the complex structure is the sufficient condition of order and all kind of life properties. So the only puzzle of life is that why complex structure is possible to survive during billions of years.

Complex structure is difficult to emerge and easy to be destroyed. Creature is normally made of material of macromolecule, most structure of which are especially complex. Structure of non-living things is much simpler than that of living things in nature, because complex non-living things are not capable of self-reproduction.

All kinds of non-living things are continuously emerging and breaking. Some non-living things are always emerging with large quantity, like ice and rust. Some non-living things are difficult to be destroyed, like sands and noble gases. So these things are easy for us to find. There are, however, many non-living things which is slow to emerge and rapid to disappear, for instance, metal like natrium and kalium will be oxidized rapidly in the air. So these things are difficult to find in nature.

Theorem: Material of any structure can exist for a long period only when the speed of generation of its structure is faster or equal to the speed of its breaking.

This seems to be nonsense, but it is very important in fact. Darwin did not make the meaning of the word fittest clear because he did not find this theorem.

Ever existent kinds of non-living structure must be much more than that is now existent, including something much more complex. But complex non-living things are slow to generate and fast to break. So there is not any of them now. The more complex their structures are, the more difficultly they generate and the more easily they break. So there is no non-living thing which is as complex as living things are.

Why are living things so complicated then? Senior creatures have properties which make their structure steady like regeneration and immunization, while many other creatures have not. How do other creatures make their structure exist continuously with large quantity?

Friedrich Cramer studied life science together with system theory, he asked the same question in his book