Solve the Puzzle of Life
来源:COLLECTIONS OF TAIJI EVOLUTIONISM | 作者:YONG DUAN | 发布时间: 2021-11-05 | 14148 次浏览 | 分享到:
Ⅰ. The Essence of Life and a Main Concept
Ⅱ. Disadvantages of Existent Definitions of Life
Ⅲ. Progress of System Theories
Ⅳ. Probability of Super Orderly Structure
of Living System
Ⅴ. Why Creature Has Super Complex Structure
Ⅵ. The Sufficient and Necessary Conditions of
Life Origin and the Definition of Life
Ⅶ. Artificial Life

Prigogine, Nicolis, & Babloyantz, 1974). But it did not notice that neither the state of non-equilibrium nor consuming energy is necessary conditions or sufficient conditions of order, let alone necessary and sufficient conditions of life.

The Dissipative Structure Theory takes openness, nonlinear and fluctuation as the essence of self- organization. But they are not important though they are necessary conditions of self-organization. At least they are not essence of life. Because openness, nonlinear and fluctuation are not special characteristics of self- organizational systems, let alone special charac- teristics of life. There is not any closed objective system in the world. There are fluctuations everywhere. There are many kinds of nonlinear processes. As a kind of nonlinear process, sine wave has nothing to do with self- organization.

Zheng Weiming said, “Breeding is a promoting power by which creature manages to survive and develop, it is a kind of positive feedback.” “Autopoieses, autocatalysis, self- organization and so on are all positive feedback which is the reason to promote systems evolving ” (Zheng, 1998). But he did not explain whether the origin of life is the result of positive feedback, nor did he provide a definition of life.

The Hypercycle Theory by Manfred Eigen (Eigen, & Schuster, 1979) was a breakthrough of life science which has been regarded as a classical theory. But Eigen did not provide a definition of life. Nor did Eigen noticed that Hypercycle is not the sufficient condition of life origin. For example, a system with tricarboxylic acid cycle is perhaps not a life.

Hu Hao demonstrated the mechanism of self-organization, “Positive feedback like the triple molecule model (2X+Y=3X), make system create effect of cooperation on quality and amplification effect on quantity. Because of this kind of interaction chains in which reasons are also results, a fluctuation used to be in a limit scope is possible to be amplified to the whole extent during a short period, and become a new orderly structure. Interactions of this kind of positive feedback is the micro-mechanism of system evolution in subsystem level” (Hu, 2002). Hu Hao explained the most important mechanism of self- organization clearly, but he did not use this micro- mechanism to explain the origin of life.

The book of Erich Jantsch The Self-organizing Universe analyses deeply the effect of positive feedback. But as the same mistakes of I. Prigogine, instead of treating auto-catalysis or self-reproduction as the essence of self-organization, Jantsch regarded non-equilibrium and metabolism as the essence of self-organization, and regarded fluctuation and openness as the essence of realizing order (Jantsch, 1980, p.55). He did not regard self-reproduction as the sufficient condition of the origin of life (Jantsch, 1980, p.103). What is more, Jantsch had some wrong concepts in his book. For example, he criticized reductionism (Jantsch, 1980, p.3), and said, “Autopoietic system is characterized by a certain autonomy